📄 Category

radiology and imaging

97 papers

Radiology and imaging serve as the eyes of modern medicine, allowing doctors to peer inside the human body without making a single incision. This rapidly evolving field uses technologies like X-rays, MRI scans, and ultrasound to detect diseases, guide treatments, and monitor patient recovery. As new research emerges, these visual tools become increasingly sophisticated, offering deeper insights into conditions ranging from broken bones to complex neurological disorders.

At Gist.Science, we bridge the gap between raw scientific data and public understanding by processing every new preprint in this category from medRxiv. Our team translates these complex studies into both plain-language overviews and detailed technical summaries, ensuring that breakthroughs in medical imaging are accessible to everyone, from students to specialists. Below are the latest papers in radiology and imaging, ready for you to explore.

📄 radiology and imaging

Report-Guided Semi-Supervised Learning for Scalable Prostate Cancer Detection on Biparametric MRI: Multicenter Prospective Validation and Multimodal Integration

This multicenter prospective study validates a report-guided semi-supervised learning framework with a lesion-only teacher model (RG-SSL-LOC) for biparametric MRI, demonstrating superior lesion segmentation and robust case-level detection of clinically significant prostate cancer that significantly enhances multimodal diagnosis and reduces unnecessary biopsies compared to existing methods.

Calado, A., de Almeida, J. G., Verde, A. S. C., Tsiknakis, M., Marias, K., Regge, D., Papanikolaou, N., ProCAncer-I Cons (…)2026-08-07
📄 radiology and imaging

BioDeformUNet: A Deep Learning Model for Biomechanically Informed Liver Image Registration

BioDeformUNet is a deep learning model that achieves near real-time, biomechanically informed liver image registration with accuracy comparable to traditional biomechanical algorithms while offering a 34-fold speedup in inference time to facilitate efficient intra-procedural evaluation of minimal ablative margins.

Zhang, X., OConnor, C., Castelo, A., Woodland, M., Daoud, B., Paolucci, I., Albuquerque, J., Altaie, M. A., Siddiqi, N. (…)2026-08-05
📄 radiology and imaging

The Mammillary Body-Fornix Gate in Long COVID An exploratory structural and diffusion MRI study of tremor-like symptoms, internal vibrations, and neuromuscular fatigue

This exploratory neuroimaging study of 122 participants suggests that severe Long COVID symptoms, including tremor-like sensations and neuromuscular fatigue, may be associated with structural and microstructural abnormalities at the mammillary body-fornix-hypothalamic interface and connected brainstem-cerebellar pathways, though the findings require prospective replication to establish causal mechanisms.

Ziaja, C. P., Young, S. Y., Stark, M. S.-C., Zurek, G., Sedlacik, J., Wright, F. M.2026-08-03
📄 radiology and imaging

Robustness of Long Axial Field-of-View PET to Defective Detector Blocks: Impact on Quantitative Accuracy

This study demonstrates that the quantitative accuracy of long axial field-of-view PET systems is primarily determined by the spatial distribution of defective detector blocks rather than just their number, revealing that sparse defects are tolerable in higher numbers while clustered defects cause significant localized biases, thereby supporting a re-evaluation of quality control thresholds to balance system uptime with diagnostic reliability.

Lan, W., Vrakidis, K. D., Bharkhada, D., Linder, P. M., Yaqub, M. M., la Fougere, C., Boellaard, R., Schmidt, F.2026-07-31
📄 radiology and imaging

Dual-Filament 3D Printing of Patient-Specific CT Phantoms with Embedded Implants and Tunable Metal-Artifact Intensity

This paper presents a dual-filament, voxel-level 3D printing method that fabricates patient-specific CT phantoms with embedded metallic implants and tunable artifact intensity, enabling objective benchmarking of metal artifact reduction algorithms and spectral CT performance.

Pasyar, P., Mei, K., Im, J. Y., Roshkovan, L., Geagan, M., Noël, P. B.2026-07-20
📄 radiology and imaging

FreqFuseNet: Resolving Feature-Scale Mismatch in Dual-Frequency Fusion for Thin-Wall Head-and-Neck OAR Segmentation

FreqFuseNet addresses a critical 863-fold activation-scale mismatch in dual-frequency feature fusion by normalizing the FcaNet branch to the FFT scale, thereby enabling a stable 5% residual injection that significantly improves the segmentation accuracy of thin-wall head-and-neck organs-at-risk while maintaining a lightweight architecture.

Chen, W.-Y., Wan, S.-Y., Lin, G.-Y.2026-07-13
📄 radiology and imaging

Automated Design of Patient-Specific 4D-Printed Phantoms for Quality Assurance of Adaptive Radiotherapy on a 1.5T MR-Linac

This paper presents an automated end-to-end workflow for generating patient-specific, 4D-printed, multi-material phantoms that replicate realistic anatomy, physiological motion, and multimodal imaging properties to enable independent quality assurance of adaptive radiotherapy on 1.5T MR-Linac systems.

Hamkins, H. M., Tam, K. H., Sobremonte, A., Jogi, S., Koay, E., Hassanzadeh, C., Segars, P., Tyagi, N., Subashi, E.2026-07-13
📄 radiology and imaging

Glutamine and NAA dissociate in ALS across somatotopically defined motor regions using 7T MRSI

Using high-resolution 7T whole-brain MRSI, this study reveals that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by a metabolic dissociation between motor-selective neuronal loss and somatotopically patterned glutamatergic dysregulation, identifying Glx/tNAA as a sensitive, design-ready biomarker for clinical trials.

Eftekhari, Z., Tu, S., Ballard, T., Eckstein, K., Strasser, B., Niess, F., Hingerl, L., Bogner, W., Kiernan, M. C., Hend (…)2026-07-13
📄 radiology and imaging

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Detection of Vascular Perfusion Defects on Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Scintigraphy for Pulmonary Embolism

This study demonstrates that a Bottleneck Transformer U-Net (BTU-Net) model achieves human-level accuracy in automatically segmenting vascular perfusion defects on planar V/Q scintigraphy, offering a robust solution to standardize pulmonary embolism diagnosis and reduce interobserver variability.

Jabbarpour, A., Moulton, E., Kaviani, S., Zeng, W., Ghassel, S., Akbarian, R., Couture, A., Roy, A., Liu, R., Al-ali, Y. (…)2026-07-08